I Seek refuge
in Almighty Allah Subhanahu WA Ta’aala (GOD) from the Shaitan.
In the name of Allah, the Entirely
Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
Combine
two prayers
As
a basic rule, every prayer must be offered in its fixed time as mentioned in
the Qur'an
{…, perform As-Salât (Iqâmatas Salât). Verily,
the prayer is enjoined on the believers at fixed hours.} [4: 103].
This is proved through the sayings and
practice of the
Holy Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam)
The
Holy
Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) said: "You should offer the prayers just as you have seen me
performing them”. [Imam al-Bukhari].
But,
if there are any emergencies or uncomfortable situations one may find the
religion easy as Almighty Allah Subhanahu WA Ta’aala (GOD) Says (interpretation of meaning):
{…, and has not laid upon you in religion any
hardship,} [22: 78].
Most
of the people of knowledge are of the opinion that it is permissible to combine
two prayers
During the time of either one of them while
traveling,
Regardless
of whether the person is actually on the road or has stopped at a place for
some time.
Some of the daily prayers can be
performed as jam at-taqdim
(early combination) and as jam at-takhir
(late combination).
Kuraib
reported that Ibn 'Abbas said: "Shall I not inform you of the Holy
Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) during a journey?"
We said: "Certainly." He said:
"If the sun passed its meridian while he stopped,
He
would combine the Zuhr and 'Asr prayers before remounting [i.e., moving on].
If
the sun had not passed its meridian while he had stopped [i.e., before breaking
camp],
He
would travel until the time of the 'Asr prayer and then he would combine the
Zuhr and Asr prayers. If the sun set while he had stopped, he would combine the
Maghrib and 'Isha prayers.
If that did not occur while he had stopped, he
would ride until the 'Isha time and then combine them." This is related by
Ahmad.
Imam
Ash-Shafi has something similar in his Musnad, namely that when he [the Holy
Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam)] set out to travel before the sun passed its meridian,
He
delayed the Zuhr prayer and combines it with the 'asr during the time of the
'asr Salah. "To combine the two
prayers due to traveling
Is
something that is well-known and was practiced by the companions of the Prophet
Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam and those who followed them?"
Imam
Malik records in al-Muwatta' from Mu'azh that the Prophet Sallallaahu alayhi
wasallam
Delayed his Salah one day during the battle of
Tabuk and then went and prayed the Zuhr and 'asr prayers together.
Then
he returned and went back again and said the Maghrib and 'Isha prayers
together.
Commenting
on this report, Imam ash-Shafi says: "His statement, 'then he returned and
left again,
‘Only
refers to a situation where the Holy Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) was staying in a certain place [i.e., he was not
traveling from one site to another]. "
The
people who are familiar with the life history of the Holy Prophet Muhammad
(Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) say that
the battle of Tabuk took place in the ninth year of the Hijra.
This
Hadith is a clear proof and the strongest evidence against those
Who claim that one can only combine the
prayers while one is actually moving from one site to another as the Holy
Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) was settled And was not traveling since the Prophet was staying in his
tent and would come out and combine two prayers and then return to his tent.
Muslim
recorded this Hadith in his Sahih and stated: 'He would pray the Zuhr and 'asr
together and the Maghrib and 'Isha together.
One
must follow this Hadith as it is confirmed [to be authentic] and it is a clear
statement on this rule and there is nothing which contradicts it.
The permission to combine the Salah is a
concession for anyone who is traveling
But
it is by no means confined to just those times when the person is actually on
the road [i.e., traveling from one place to another].
The
same is the case for shortening the Salah and for wiping over the socks, but it
is best to delay it.'
":
Having the intention to combine is not a condition for combining or shortening
the Salah.
When the Holy
Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) combined the Salah with his companions or shortened the Salah with them,
He never ordered any of them to make the
intention for combining or shortening the Salah.
In
fact, when he left Madinah for Makkah, he prayed two Rak’ats without combining
the Salah,
And then he (the Holy Prophet Muhammad
(Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) prayed the
Zuhr prayer at 'Arafat without telling the people that he intended to pray the
'asr right afterward,
Next he prayed the 'ASR with them and they did
not have the intention to combine their prayers,
And
in that combination he prayed the latter Salah early.
When he went from Madinah, he led the people
in the ASR Salah at Zhul-Halifah and he did not order them to make the
intention to shorten the Salah” Concerning offering the two combined prayers
right after each other,
"The correct opinion is that it is not a
necessary condition to do so under any circumstances, neither during the time
of the first Salah nor during the time of the latter Salah.
There
is no such limit in the Shariah and doing so would defeat the purpose of the
concession [i.e., permission to combine the two Salah].
“Imam
Ash-Shafi says: "It is quite permissible for a person to pray the Maghrib
in his house with the intention of combining the prayers
And
then go to the mosque to pray the 'Isha." A similar statement has been
related from Ahmad.
You
are not allowed to join prayers according to the Hanafi madhhab. You can pray
in such a manner so that you pray your Zuhr prayer just as 'ASR time is about
to begin (and there is still time for Zuhr) and when 'ASR time arrives, you
continue on with 'asr Salah after making the adhan.
(for
example, Maghrib) doesn't start for example..., 8:52pm (the start of Maghrib)
to 10:56pm (the start of Isha), as long as you leave enough time for Maghrib to
be performed in time for the start of Isha, then, if preferred, you can go
straight onto performing Isha.
Combining
two prayers due to some pressing need
Imam
an-Nawawi writes in his commentary on Sahih Muslim:
"The majority of the scholars are of the
opinion that it is allowed for the resident to combine the prayers due to some
pressing need.
This is the statement of Ibn Sireen and Ashhab
from the companions of Imam Malik,
And
al-Khattabi records it from al-Qifal and Imam ash-Shafi and from Abu Ishaq
al-Maruzi,
And from a number of as-hab al-Ahadith, and it
is the conclusion of Ibn al-Munzhir.
This
is supported by the statement of ibn 'Abbas:
'The
Prophet combined his Salah because he did not want to put his Ummah to
hardship, And not because of illness or any other reason.
"'
The Hadith from Ibn 'Abbas, mentioned previously, has been recorded by Imam
Muslim who states:
"The Messenger of Allah combined the Zuhr
and 'asr and then the Maghrib and 'Isha in Madinah without there being any
danger or rain." Ibn 'Abbas was asked: "What did he desire by that
action?" He replied: "He did not want any hardship for his
Ummah." Al-Bukhari and Muslim record from him that the Prophet: prayed
seven Rak'ats and eight Rak'at, i.e., the Zuhr and 'asr together and the
Maghrib and 'Isha together, in Madinah. Muslim also records from 'Abdullah ibn
Shaqiq that 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas addressed the people one day after the 'asr
Salah until well after the sun had set and the stars began to appear. The
people said to him: "The prayer, the prayer." A man from the tribe of
Taim continuously repeated: "The prayer, the prayer." Ibn 'Abbas
said: "Are you teaching me the Sunnah? May you have no mother?" Then
he said: "I saw the Messenger of Allah combine the Zuhr and 'asr and the
Maghrib and 'Isha." 'Abdullah ibn Shaqiq commented: "I felt some
uneasiness in my heart about what he had said, so I went to Abu Hurairah to ask
him about that, and he confirmed what Ibn 'Abbas had said."
In
the light of the above details, it is safest to act according to the opinion of
the majority of Muslim scholars.
So,
he should perform every prayer on its fixed time.
However,
if there is pressing need or emergencies he may act according to the opinion of
Ibn Abbas
Qadha
prayers can be prayed at any time during the day or night except at three
times:
When
the sun rises up (until it is above the horizon by the length of a spear, about
twenty minutes after sun rise), when the sun is at its zenith until it begins
to move, and when the sun turns red until it sets (about twenty minutes to half
an hour before sun set.
This
issue is a major one between the Fiqh schools.
The Hanafi have judged all the narrations on
this issue to be based on the method of “apparent combining” (Jam’ al-Suri) not
“real combining” (jam’ al-Haqiqi). What this means is that since we are told to
make every prayer on time, and there is Hadith of Ibn Masud which clarify that the Holy
Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) he never combined the prayers together (by taking a prayer out of its
time) except in ‘Arafa and Muzdalifa during the pilgrimage.
“Combing Two Prayers”
3.
‘Abdullah ibn Masud relates:
I
never observed the Messenger of Allah perform any prayer out of its time except
at Muzdalifa.
He
combined Maghrib and ‘Isha at Muzdalifa (Sahih al-Bukhari 1:227, Sahih Muslim
1:417, Sharh Ma’ani ‘l-athar 1:164).
4.
Another narration of Ibn Masud states:
The
Messenger of Allah combined two prayers whilst on a journey. He would combine
Maghrib and ‘Isha by delaying Maghrib until just before its expiry time, and
performing ‘Isha immediately as its time entered (Musannaf Ibn Abu Shayba
2:458).
5.
‘Aishah R.A. narrates:
The
Messenger of Allah, whilst on a journey, would delay Zuhr and perform ‘ASR
early and would delay Maghrib and perform ‘Isha early (i.e. perform each prayer
in its own time) (Sharh Ma’ani ‘l-athar 1:164, Musannaf Ibn Abi Shayba 2:457).
6.
Ibn ‘Abbas narrates:
I
performed eight Rak’ats together (four of Zuhr and four of ‘Asr) and seven
Rak’ats together (three of Maghrib and four of ‘Isha) with the Messenger of
Allah. (One of the narrators says,) “I asked Abu ‘l-Sha’tha’, ‘I assume he
delayed Zuhr (to the end of its time) and performed ‘Asr as soon as it entered,
and delayed Maghrib (likewise) and performed ‘Isha early.’ He replied, ‘I also
think the same’” (Sahih Muslim 1:246, Musannaf Ibn Abi Shayba 2: 456).
This
Hadith of Sahih Muslim is very clear about the exact description of combining
two prayers.
7.
Imam Abu Dawud has transmitted the following:
The
muezzin of ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Umar informed him it was time for prayer. Ibn ‘Umar
instructed him to continue on the journey. When the red of sunset (shafq ahmar)
had nearly disappeared, he got of from his mount and performed Maghrib, and
then he waited until the red had completely disappeared and performed Isha. He
then said, “Whenever the Messenger of Allah was in a hurry for some reason, he
would do just as I have done” (Sunan Abi Dawud 1:178).
As
we can see, the method of combining mentioned in the above Hadith is none other
than that of jam’ al-Suri. It is an agreed upon method which nobody has any
argument with. How can there be an objection to two prayers being performed
together in a way that does not cause them to be performed either before their
stipulated time or after it? Undoubtedly, this is the safest method of
combining two prayers, and would be the most suitable way to explain the Hadith
on combining.
It
is also common knowledge that the Fajr prayer should not to be performed before
its time or intentionally delayed beyond it. Similarly, other prayers should
not be performed out of their stipulated times either, especially not while
considering it to be Sunna. This indicates that the Sunna method of combining
two prayers is jam’ al-suri, as has also been substantiated through the Qur’an
and Hadith. This is the Hanafi opinion in this issue.
As Muslims it should be our utmost duty
to make sure our Salah is prayed and also that it is prayed on time.
Almighty Allah Subhanahu WA Ta’aala (GOD) says in the Qur’an: "Verily, Salah is enjoined upon believers at FIXED hours".
Any deviation from this direct command will be considered unlawful!
Some Scholars are of the opinion that one can combine prayers [out of its stipulated time], but the condition for this is that you have to be on a journey, be ill or really bad weather.
If you belong to the Hanafi Madhhab you are not allowed to even combine prayers regardless of any situation, be it journey, illness etc. the only situation your allowed to combine prayers out of its stipulated time is intense Jihad.
but if your condition is so bad that you have missed your prayers then the best thing for you to do is practice Jamaal as-Suri [apparent combining]
this is when you pray for example Zuhr just before the end of Zuhr [the time of Zuhr finishes] then as soon as it hits 'Asr you will pray 'Asr. In the literal sense you are combining but at the same time you are not conflicting with the Zuhr [literal] verse in the Qur’an which tells the believers to pray the prayers at its specified time.
As Muslims we should strive to pray all our Prayers on time and with Jam'aah. Insh’Allah.
Almighty Allah Subhanahu WA Ta’aala (GOD) says in the Qur’an: "Verily, Salah is enjoined upon believers at FIXED hours".
Any deviation from this direct command will be considered unlawful!
Some Scholars are of the opinion that one can combine prayers [out of its stipulated time], but the condition for this is that you have to be on a journey, be ill or really bad weather.
If you belong to the Hanafi Madhhab you are not allowed to even combine prayers regardless of any situation, be it journey, illness etc. the only situation your allowed to combine prayers out of its stipulated time is intense Jihad.
but if your condition is so bad that you have missed your prayers then the best thing for you to do is practice Jamaal as-Suri [apparent combining]
this is when you pray for example Zuhr just before the end of Zuhr [the time of Zuhr finishes] then as soon as it hits 'Asr you will pray 'Asr. In the literal sense you are combining but at the same time you are not conflicting with the Zuhr [literal] verse in the Qur’an which tells the believers to pray the prayers at its specified time.
As Muslims we should strive to pray all our Prayers on time and with Jam'aah. Insh’Allah.
According to the Hanafi Madhhab, it is
not permissible to join two Salahs in
one time. Every Salah must be performed in its prescribed time.
Apparent joining of two Salahs is permissible, not real joining. Apparent
joining is to, for example, delay Zuhr Salaah until before its expiry time
and perform Asr Salaah immediately upon Asr Salaah time setting in. the same
may be applied for Maghrib and Isha Salahs.
one time. Every Salah must be performed in its prescribed time.
Apparent joining of two Salahs is permissible, not real joining. Apparent
joining is to, for example, delay Zuhr Salaah until before its expiry time
and perform Asr Salaah immediately upon Asr Salaah time setting in. the same
may be applied for Maghrib and Isha Salahs.
If
it was permissible to practice jam’ al-Haqiqi in the event of travel or
illness, etc., then why is it confined to some prayers only? Why is it not
permissible to perform all the prayers of the day together in the morning
before departing on a journey? The reason for this is quite simple. The
practice of combining mentioned in the Hadith is not to be taken as jam
al-Haqiqi, but as jam al-suri wherein each prayer remains in its own time, but
are performed one after another.
Remember this..
As
a basic rule, every prayer must be offered in its fixed time as mentioned in
the Qur'an
{…, perform As-Salât (Iqâmatas Salât). Verily,
the prayer is enjoined on the believers at fixed hours.} [4: 103].
This is proved through the sayings and
practice of the
Holy Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam)
And Almighty Allah
Subhanahu WA Ta’aala (GOD) knows best
If I said anything correct, then it is from
Allah (Subhanahu WA Ta’aala),
And if I erred, then that is from me and
Shaitan.
May Allah
Subhanahu WA Ta’aala (GOD) make us from the Companions of His Book and unite us
with His righteous slaves in the highest gardens of Paradise.
Amen.
May Allah
Subhanahu wata`aalaa grant us what is best in this world and the next!
Action speaks
louder then words my friend’s practice Islam the way of the Holy Prophet
Muhammad (Sallallaahu alayhi wasallam) did.
May Allah Subhanahu WA Ta’aala (GOD) help us
to do that which He loves and which pleases Him?
May Allah Subhanahu
WA Ta’aala (GOD) make our efforts sincere and keep us all on the straight
path...........
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